A finger-length fish has reignited a long-running debate about self-awareness, cognition and how much we’ve underestimated ...

Animals are amazing creatures with a wide array of traits, but one seemingly common trait is their inability to understand mirrors. Can animals even perceive themselves in mirrors? Check out this ...

Before squaring up for a fight, some fish check themselves out in the mirror to make sure they're big enough. This strange behavior was seen in bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus), who ...

In Newen and Montemayor’s evolutionary framework, basic arousal developed first. It’s like nature’s security alarm, warning ...

Awareness, especially self-awareness, is very difficult to study.  Self-awareness evolved among our animal ancestors and is ...

Did David Graybeard, the chimpanzee who was first observed to use a tool by Jane Goodall, have any idea of who he was? Do elephants, dolphins, cats, magpies, mice, salmon, ants or bees know who they ...

One winter several years ago, I conducted one of my weekend retreats at a conference center in western Massachusetts. When I arrived, I heard about another retreat being offered there the same weekend ...