CO 2 refrigeration (R-744) systems operate at significantly higher pressures compared to legacy hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) systems. For example, on hot summer days, between its medium-temperature ...

Equipment designers find that proportional control technology is ideal where precise performance is required in variable pressure or flow applications. Often perceived as more complicated than other ...

When refrigeration systems are exposed to low outside air temperatures, the condensing pressure will fall, and if the head pressure gets too low, the metering device will not have enough pressure drop ...

In steam boiler applications, pressure relief valves (PRVs) are the silent sentinels — the last line of defense against potentially disastrous overpressure situations. In a perfect world, boiler ...

Among the various types of valves on the market, ball valves are critical in high-pressure systems, enabling precise fluid control in industries like power generation, chemical processing, and oil and ...

Feedwater control valves play a critical role in boiler operation. One important parameter of their design is the pressure drop at the rated condition as well as off-design conditions. However, ...