In networking and communications, the formats, codes and procedures for transmitting a unit of data (frame, packet) from one node to another. Known as a "layer 2 protocol," the data link protocol is ...

A complex routing protocol that shares information with other routers in order to determine the best path. IS-IS was the first comprehensive link state protocol, and OSPF and NLSP evolved from it.

The harmonious operation of the various networking devices in a LAN requires correct and valid configuration of the protocols and applications that are enabled in ...

We met Mr. Murphy, of “What can go wrong, will” infamy, in the introduction to failure modes and the discussion of failure modes at the foundation levels. Now we will learn his tricks on shared media ...

I was reading a murder mystery yesterday where a critical plot point was that the villain's MAC address was captured in Apache logs. That appears to be nonsense: IP address yes, MAC, no. He was using ...

IO-Link is a powerful yet simple protocol with wide industry support. IO-Link improves digital or analog sensor interfaces, providing significantly more information, configurability, and control to ...

In the natural world, species that share the same ecosystem often compete for resources, resulting in the extinction of weaker competitors. A new computer model that describes the evolution of the ...