The complex precursors to biological molecules can form spontaneously in interstellar space, according to a lab experiment ...

Background: Cardiomyocytes produce histidyl dipeptides such as carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (β-alanyl-N π-methylhistidine) via carnosine synthase (CARNS) that are known to conjugate ...

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As technology evolves, researchers are finding powerful ways to integrate computation, automation and artificial intelligence into their work. At the forefront of this transformation are chemists from ...

Life’s instruction book is written with a genetic code, yet its origins have stayed stubbornly unclear. A new study looks backward through protein history and finds that tiny two-amino acid units ...

Genes are the building blocks of life, and the genetic code provides the instructions for the complex processes that make organisms function. But how and why did it come to be the way it is? A recent ...

We wish to thank Dr. Laura Ranum for the gift of antibodies against repeating PR, GR, and GP and helpful discussion. We wish to thank Shuangshuang Yang for help and expertise. This work was funded in ...